ESR 51 mm/hr means : is it normal, good, bad or dangerous?

Published Date : 2023-12-03T13:31:03.637Z

Updated Date : 2023-12-03T13:31:03.637+00:00

What is ESR?

How is ESR measured?

To measure Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), a healthcare professional collects a small blood sample from the patient's arm, typically from a vein. Before the blood draw, the area is cleaned with an antiseptic solution to minimize the risk of infection. The collected blood is then mixed with an anticoagulant to prevent clotting. Subsequently, the blood is placed in a tall, thin tube and positioned upright to allow the red blood cells to settle over a specified period, often one hour. The distance the red blood cells travel in the tube during this time is measured, and the settling rate is recorded. The Westergren method, a common approach to ESR measurement, involves utilizing a specialized Westergren tube for blood collection. In preparation for the test, patients are typically advised to communicate any medications they are taking to their healthcare provider, as certain drugs can influence the results. Fasting is not mandatory for ESR, but maintaining hydration is recommended to facilitate an efficient blood draw and ensure accurate results. ESR is an essential diagnostic tool, providing healthcare professionals with valuable information to assess and monitor inflammatory conditions within the body.

What is the normal range of ESR and how is an ESR of 51 graded?

Different sources mention slightly different normal ranges for ESR. The normal range also varies slightly based on the method of measurement. When measured by the Westergren method, the normal range for ESR is mentioned below for adult males, adult females and children.

Normal Range and Grading for Adult Males : ESR 51

Normal Range and Grading for Adult Women : ESR 51

Normal Range and Grading for Children : ESR 51

What does an ESR of 51 mm/hr mean?

An ESR level of 51 is considered to be significantly elevated. A cause must be found for the elevated ESR, while ruling out normal or physiological causes. An ESR between 50 and 80, is definitely not normal and must be further investigated together with additional tests, that are listed in a subsequent section.

Is an ESR of 51 mm/hr good?

An ESR of 51 is not a good value. In adults, or children this value is above normal and needs investigating.

Is an ESR of 51 mm/hr bad?

An ESR of 51 is bad in all populations and should be further investigated.

Is an ESR of 51 mm/hr dangerous?

An ESR of 51 is elevated but not necessarily dangerous

Is an ESR of 51 mm/hr normal?

An ESR of 51 is not normal and is classified as elevated.

What are the causes of an ESR of 51 mm/hr?

An ESR of 51 can have various causing including the following

Dehydration

Though less common, dehydration can affect blood viscosity and ESR.

Inflammation

Any inflammatory condition in the body can cause an elevation in ESR.

Certain Cancers

Some cancers, especially those associated with inflammation, can cause an increase in ESR.

Behçet's Disease

A rare inflammatory disorder causing blood vessel inflammation.

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

An inflammatory disorder that commonly affects older adults.

HIV/AIDS

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) can lead to immune system dysfunction and inflammation.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause elevated ESR.

Bronchiectasis

A chronic lung condition characterized by damaged airways.

Myeloma

A type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the joints.

Aging

ESR tends to increase with age, and mild elevation may be normal in elderly individuals.

Hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections.

What are the causes for a falsely elevated ESR value of 51?

There are certain normal or physiological conditions in which the ESR May be falsely elevated or elevated without any abnormality.

Temperature Changes

Extreme temperatures, whether due to fever or exposure to cold, can affect the viscosity of blood. These temperature-related changes can influence ESR levels. Monitoring body temperature and addressing the underlying cause is important for accurate interpretation of ESR results.

Race/Ethnicity

ESR levels can exhibit variations among different racial and ethnic groups. Genetic and environmental factors specific to certain populations may contribute to these differences. However, individual health and lifestyle choices remain crucial factors influencing ESR levels.

Sleep Patterns

Disruptions in sleep patterns, including irregular sleep duration and quality, can influence the body's inflammatory response. Sleep deprivation or poor sleep hygiene may contribute to elevated ESR levels. Prioritizing good sleep habits is essential for overall health.

Hormonal Fluctuations

Beyond the menstrual cycle, fluctuations in hormonal levels can occur due to various factors, including stress, medication changes, or natural hormonal variations. These hormonal shifts may influence the inflammatory response and contribute to variations in ESR levels.

Aging

ESR tends to increase with age, and a mild elevation may be a normal part of the aging process. The gradual wear and tear on the body's tissues can contribute to a low-level inflammatory state, leading to a slightly higher ESR in elderly individuals.

Postpartum Period

In the postpartum period following childbirth, the body goes through a process of recovery and adaptation. Hormonal changes, including a decrease in pregnancy-related hormones, can contribute to temporary fluctuations in ESR levels.

Emotional Factors

Emotional stress and psychological factors can influence the body's inflammatory response, potentially leading to a temporary increase in ESR. The mind-body connection underscores the importance of mental health for overall well-being.

Ovulation

The process of ovulation in the menstrual cycle involves hormonal changes that can affect ESR levels. Fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone during ovulation contribute to variations in the inflammatory response, leading to changes in ESR.

Sun Exposure

Exposure to sunlight influences vitamin D levels in the body, which in turn can affect the immune system and inflammatory response. Changes in ESR levels related to sun exposure highlight the interconnectedness of environmental factors and inflammation.

Hormonal Contraceptives

The use of hormonal contraceptives can impact hormonal levels in the body, potentially affecting the inflammatory response. This can lead to variations in ESR levels in some individuals. It's important for healthcare providers to consider these factors when interpreting ESR results in individuals using hormonal contraceptives.

Stress

Physiological stress triggers the release of stress hormones and inflammatory mediators, potentially leading to a temporary increase in ESR. Chronic stress can have negative effects on overall health, emphasizing the importance of stress management for well-being.

Iron Deficiency

Mild iron deficiency can affect the composition of blood, potentially leading to changes in ESR levels. Adequate iron levels are essential for overall health, and addressing iron deficiency is important for maintaining optimal blood parameters.

What does an ESR of 51 in pregnancy mean?

The normal range of ESR during pregnancy is different in the different months or trimesters of pregnancy. This is because pregnancy causes a small rise in the ESR, which is considered normal. The following table lists the normal ranges.

Trimester	Lower Limit	Upper Limit
1st	4	57
2nd	7	47
3rd	13	70

Based on these criteria, your ESR of 51 can be classified as below.
If you are in the first three months of pregnancy an ESR of 51 is normal
If you are in the second trimester or months 3-6 of pregnancy an ESR of 51 is elevated
If you are in the third trimester or months 7-9 of pregnancy an ESR of 51 is normal

What are the symptoms of an ESR of 51 ?

ESR itself does not cause any direct symptoms. The symptoms of ESR are due the underlying disease process. The following is a list of symptoms that may be associated with an ESR of 51

Fatigue

Persistent tiredness and lack of energy.

Dry Eyes and Mouth

Symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome.

Mouth Ulcers

Sores in the mouth that may be painful.

Irregular Menstrual Cycles

Changes in menstrual patterns for women.

Headaches

Recurrent or persistent headaches.

Vision Changes

Blurred vision or other visual disturbances.

Abdominal Pain

Discomfort or pain in the abdominal region.

Unexplained Weight Loss

Losing weight without intentional changes in diet or exercise.

Chest Pain

Pain or discomfort in the chest area.

Dizziness

Feeling lightheaded or unsteady.

Night Sweats

Excessive sweating during sleep.

Difficulty Sleeping

Insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns.

Joint Pain

Discomfort, swelling, or stiffness in the joints.

Abnormal Blood Counts

Changes in white blood cell count or other blood parameters.

Cognitive Impairment

Memory problems or difficulty concentrating.

Recurrent Infections

Frequent or persistent infections.

Cough

Persistent or chronic coughing.

Nausea and Vomiting

Feeling of sickness and vomiting.

Photosensitivity

Increased sensitivity to sunlight.

Loss of Appetite

Decreased desire to eat.

Swollen Lymph Nodes

Enlarged and tender lymph nodes.

Muscle Aches

Generalized or localized pain in muscles.

Shortness of Breath

Difficulty breathing or breathlessness.

Neurological Symptoms

Tingling, numbness, or weakness.

Frequent Urination

Increased need to urinate.

Fever

Elevated body temperature beyond normal range.

Which foods can reduce an ESR of 51 mm/hr?

Based on a study by Hulander et al, eating foods that lower inflammation can lead to a lowered value of ESR. The following foods can be consumed to try to reduce inflammation.

Fatty Fish

Fatty fish, such as salmon and mackerel, are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. These acids have anti-inflammatory properties, making fatty fish an excellent choice in the Mediterranean diet to combat inflammation.

Fruits

Various fruits, including citrus fruits and berries, are packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Their consumption is associated with reduced inflammation, aligning with the Mediterranean diet's focus on whole, nutrient-dense foods.

Nuts

Nuts, like almonds and walnuts, are rich in healthy fats and antioxidants. They contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of the Mediterranean diet, supporting heart health and overall well-being.

Vegetables

A diverse array of vegetables is a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet. They provide essential nutrients and phytochemicals that contribute to reducing inflammation and supporting overall health.

Whole Grains

Whole grains are a key component of the Mediterranean diet, providing essential nutrients and fiber. They contribute to reducing inflammation and promoting overall health.

Legumes

Legumes, such as lentils and chickpeas, are high in phytochemicals. These compounds have anti-inflammatory effects, making legumes an essential part of the Mediterranean diet for promoting a healthier lifestyle.

What other tests should be done with an ESR of 51 mm/hr ?

For an ESR of 51, other tests can be done to further ascertain the immune status of the body, as well as rule out infections or malignancies if any.
The following table lists other tests that can be done.

Lab Tests Related to ESR

What is the ESR to CRP ratio and why does it matter?

The ESR to CRP ratio is the ratio of the Erythryocyte Sedimentation Rate in mm/hr to the C-Reactive Protein Value. The ratio has value in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. If the value is below 2 it indicates that the patient has an infection in addition to the SLE. If the value is above 15 it is more likely to be a flare up of SLE. You can find the ratio calculated for various values of CRP given your ESR value of 51

What is my ESR:CRP ratio for an ESR of 51 mm/hr ?

ESR	CRP	Ratio	Means
51	1.0	51.0	More likely to be autoimmune disease flareup of SLE
51	1.5	34.0	More likely to be autoimmune disease flareup of SLE
51	2.0	25.5	More likely to be autoimmune disease flareup of SLE
51	2.5	20.4	More likely to be autoimmune disease flareup of SLE
51	3.0	17.0	More likely to be autoimmune disease flareup of SLE
51	3.5	14.571428571428571	Inconclusive
51	4.0	12.75	Inconclusive
51	4.5	11.333333333333334	Inconclusive
51	5.0	10.2	Inconclusive
51	5.5	9.272727272727273	Inconclusive
51	6.0	8.5	Inconclusive
51	6.5	7.846153846153846	Inconclusive
51	7.0	7.285714285714286	Inconclusive
51	7.5	6.8	Inconclusive
51	8.0	6.375	Inconclusive
51	8.5	6.0	Inconclusive
51	9.0	5.666666666666667	Inconclusive
51	9.5	5.368421052631579	Inconclusive
51	10.0	5.1	Inconclusive
51	10.5	4.857142857142857	Inconclusive
51	11.0	4.636363636363637	Inconclusive
51	11.5	4.434782608695652	Inconclusive
51	12.0	4.25	Inconclusive
51	12.5	4.08	Inconclusive
51	13.0	3.923076923076923	Inconclusive
51	13.5	3.7777777777777777	Inconclusive
51	14.0	3.642857142857143	Inconclusive
51	14.5	3.5172413793103448	Inconclusive
51	15.0	3.4	Inconclusive
51	15.5	3.2903225806451615	Inconclusive
51	16.0	3.1875	Inconclusive
51	16.5	3.090909090909091	Inconclusive
51	17.0	3.0	Inconclusive
51	17.5	2.914285714285714	Inconclusive
51	18.0	2.8333333333333335	Inconclusive
51	18.5	2.7567567567567566	Inconclusive
51	19.0	2.6842105263157894	Inconclusive
51	19.5	2.6153846153846154	Inconclusive
51	20.0	2.55	Inconclusive
51	20.5	2.4878048780487805	Inconclusive
51	21.0	2.4285714285714284	Inconclusive
51	21.5	2.372093023255814	Inconclusive
51	22.0	2.3181818181818183	Inconclusive
51	22.5	2.2666666666666666	Inconclusive
51	23.0	2.217391304347826	Inconclusive
51	23.5	2.1702127659574466	Inconclusive
51	24.0	2.125	Inconclusive
51	24.5	2.0816326530612246	Inconclusive
51	25.0	2.04	Inconclusive
51	25.5	2.0	More likely to be infection
51	26.0	1.9615384615384615	More likely to be infection
51	26.5	1.9245283018867925	More likely to be infection
51	27.0	1.8888888888888888	More likely to be infection
51	27.5	1.8545454545454545	More likely to be infection
51	28.0	1.8214285714285714	More likely to be infection
51	28.5	1.7894736842105263	More likely to be infection
51	29.0	1.7586206896551724	More likely to be infection
51	29.5	1.728813559322034	More likely to be infection